The term “bondage of actions” (karma-bandhana) is pivotal to the Bhagavad-Gitā’s philosophy, though it might seem unfamiliar to those new to its teachings. This concept is rooted in the Law of Karma (karma-siddhānta).

In essence, our actions often result in either merit or demerit. Drawing a parallel, some Abrahamic Faiths propose that an abundance of sins versus virtues leads one to hell, while a predominance of virtues rewards one with heaven. Here, heaven and hell serve as eternal afterlife realms, based on one’s earthly deeds.

However, the Bhagavad-Gitā offers a different perspective. Heaven and hell are temporary experiences post-death. After enjoying the rewards of good deeds in heaven or facing the consequences of misdeeds in hell, an individual is reincarnated. This endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth – the so-called “bondage” caused by our own actions – persists until the effects of one’s actions, whether positive or negative, are nullified. Once free from this cycle, an individual neither returns to earthly existence nor remains in heaven or hell. Instead, they achieve a transcendent, eternal state of bliss, known by various names such as Nirvāna, Moksha, Mukti, or Parama Gati.