Chapter 6: The Yoga of Meditation
Verse 6:1

Meaning

Supreme God Krishna spoke

He who {honestly} performs the duties, remaining indifferent to the fruits of actions is {not only} a true Action Yogi but, {having renounced the attachment to worldly acts and their fruits} is {also, in essence,} a Renunciant Yogi. This is because no one can become a renunciate merely by renouncing worldly duties {without renouncing the attachment to those duties and their expected outcome} and by abandoning fire. (6:1)

Commentary

A note on the sannyāsis abandoning fire: In the Varnāshrama Dharma, which is a name of orthodox Hinduism, there existed a strong tradition for householders (grihastha) to perform thrice the daily agnihotra karma, a small sacrificial fire-ceremony. However, this fire-ceremony could be omitted by the sannyāsis, or renunciant Yogis (Manusmriti: 6:25). Additionally, a distinct tradition among renunciants involved abstaining from lighting fires to cook their food. This practice of abandoning fire extended to the disposition of their deceased, with renunciant ascetics not being cremated but instead either buried in the ground or immersed in rivers (jala-samādhi). This was in marked contrast to the prevailing Hindu tradition of cremating deceased bodies rather than burying them. The word "niragniha" ("without fire") in the verse has reference to these practices typical to renunciants.

Sanskrit

श्रीभगवान् उवाच

अनाश्रितः कर्मफलं कार्यं कर्म करोति यः ।

स सन्न्यासी च योगी च न निरग्निर्न चाक्रियः ॥ 6:1 ॥

Word Separation

अन्-आश्रितः कर्म-फलम्, कार्यम् कर्म करोति यः—

सः सन्न्यासी च, योगी च, न निर्-अग्निः, न च अ-क्रियः।

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